Colorectal cancer often begins as a growth known as a polyp. It is formed on the inner wall of the colon or rectum and over time become cancerous. According to the pathophysiology colorectal carcinoma belongs to the adenocarcinoma group of cancers.

Signs and symptoms of colon cancer include

• Change in your bowel habits, including diarrhoea or constipation or a change in the consistency of your stool, that lasts longer than four weeks
• Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas or pain
• A feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely
• Weakness or fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss

Some screening tests used for diagnosis of colorectal cancer, colonoscopy include:

1) Colonoscopy

2) Flexible colonoscopy

3) Guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBT): test that looks out for faecal blood.

4) Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is also called an immunochemical faecal occult blood test

Treatment of Colonic Cancer:

1) Colorectal Surgery

Surgery is the removal of the tumour and some surrounding healthy tissue during an operation. This is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer and is often called surgical resection.

Procedures include:

• Laparoscopy surgery
• Colostomy for rectal cancer.

2) Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cryoablation.

3) Radiation therapy and chemotherapy is also used for treatment.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]